INDONESIA BATIK HISTORY
The history of batik in Indonesia is closely linked with the development and dissemination of the Majapahit empire of Islam in Java. In some records, the development of batik is a lot to do in times of Mataram Kingdom, then on the work of Solo and Yogyakarta.
So the art of batik in Indonesia has been known since the days of work and growing to the Majapahit kingdom and the kings of the next. As for starting the spread of this batik art belongs to the people of Indonesia and Java in particular tribe is after the end of the century or the beginning of XVIII-XIX century. Produced batik batik is all until the early twentieth century and printed batik is known only after the world wars or the unity out around 1920. The connection with the spread of Islamic teachings. Many areas in Java batik centers are areas of Batik students and then become a tool of economic perjaungan by figures pedangan Muslims against the Dutch economy.
Batik art is art images on the fabric for clothing that becomes one of cultural keluaga Indonesian kings of old. Batik initially worked in the palace just limited to clothing and the result was the king and family and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was brought by those outside the palace and was done in place of each.
Long batik art was imitated by the people nearest and subsequently expanded into the work of women in the household to fill his spare time. Furthermore, batik clothing was only the royal family, then became a popular folk clothes, both women and men. White fabric that is used when it is the result of homespun.
Medium coloring materials used consist of plants native to Indonesia who made their own from among others: noni tree, tall, soga, indigo, and materials made from soda ash soda, as well as salts made from tanahlumpur.
Jaman Majapahit
Batik has become the kingdom Majahit culture, can be traced in Mojokerto and Tulung Court. Mojoketo are areas closely related to the Majapahit kingdom during the first and the origin of the name have anything to do with Majapahit Majokerto. Relation to the development of batik developed in Tulung Majapahit Agung is the history of batik developments in this area, can be extracted from the relic in the age of the Majapahit kingdom. At that time the area is partly composed of Tulungagung swamps in the history of the area known as Bonorowo, which at the time of Majapahit bekembangnya area controlled by a Duke benama Kalang, and did not surrender to the kingdom of Majapahit.
Told that the police actions waged by Majapahati, Duke Kalang allegedly killed in the fighting was reported around the village which is now named Kalangbret. Thus, the officers and soldiers who settled keluara Majapahit kingdom and lived in the territory which is now named Bonorowo or Tulungagung among others also bring original art to make batik.
Batik is now in the Mojokerto region contained in Kwali, Mojosari, Betero and Sidomulyo. Outside the Mojokerto regency is in Jombang. In the late nineteenth century, there are several people known batik in Mojokerto, the materials used at that time white cloth woven by his own and the drugs from soga jambal batik, noni, indigo tom, height and so forth.
Drugs known abroad the new postwar world of unity which are sold by Chinese traders in Mojokerto. Batik is known along with the entry of drugs from abroad batik. Cap made in Bangil and entrepreneurs can buy batik Mojokerto Porong market in Sidoarjo, this Porong Market before the world economic crisis known as the bustling market, where the results of production and Jetis Sidoarjo batik Kedungcangkring lot sale. Time of economic crisis, batik entrepreneurs participate Mojoketo paralyzed, because most small entrepreneurs business. Batik events arising after the crisis go back to Japan's entry into Indonesia, and the time the Japanese occupation of batik activities paralyzed again. Batik activity appears again after the revolution which has become a regional Mojokerto occupation.
A typical characteristic of batik Kalangbret of Mojokerto is almost equal to the output of batik-batik of Yogyakarta, which is basically white and brown 's type and color of dark blue. Known since more than a century ago the village of batik Majan and Simo. The village also has a history as a relic from the war era Prince Diponegoro in 1825.
Although batik is known since antiquity Majapahait but batik development began to spread rapidly since the region of Surakarta, Central Java and Yogyakarta, at the time of the kingdom in this region. It appears that the development of batik in Mojokerto and more dipenagruhi Tulung next Supreme Solo and Yogyakarta batik patterns.
In berkecamuknya clash between the Dutch colonial army with the troops of Prince Diponegoro, then some of the Kyai Mojo troops withdrew towards the east and until now the Majan. Since the Dutch colonial period until the time of independence is the status of rural villages Merdikan Majan (Special Region), and the village head of a chaplain whose status-temurun.Pembuatan Uirun Majan batik is an instinct (relic) of the art of making batik Diponegoro war era.
Color babaran Majan and Simo batik is unique because of the color red babarannya lit (from mulberry bark) and other colors of the tom. As a batik Setra also known since time immemorial Sembung village area, which batik entrepreneurs mostly from Tulungagung Sala coming in at the end of XIX century. Only now there are still some families who settled batik from Sala Sembung area. Apart from the proficiency level in these places there are also areas of batik in Psychology and also a couple in Kediri, but the nature of some of the batik craft and household babarannya batik.
The spread of the Islamic era
History of batik in other areas of East Java is in Ponorogo, whose story is related to the spread of Islam in this region. History of Batik. Batik art problems mentioned Ponorogo area closely related to the development of Islamic religion and the kingdoms first. It is said Batoro Katong area, there is a direct descendant of the Majapahit empire named Raden Raden Patah sister of Katong. Katong Batoro this is what brought Islam to the existing ruins Ponorogo and now is a mosque Patihan Wetan area.
Selanjutanya developments, in Ponorogo, Tegalsari area there is a boarding school that nurtured Kyai Hasan Basri or known as the Great Tegalsari Kyai. This Tegalsari pesantren teach religion other than Islam also teaches administrative sciences, sciences and literature of war. A disciple of the famous from the literary field is Tegalsari Ronggowarsito Raden. Kyai Hasan Basri was taken into law by the king Kraton of Solo.
Batik art at that time was limited within the palace. Therefore Solo palace princess became the wife of Kyai Hasan Basri Tegalsari and then brought into-accompaniment followed by a retinue. besides that many of the royal family also learned dipesantren Solo this. These events bring art out of the palace bafik toward Ponorogo. Young people educated in this Tegalsari when it came out, the community would donate his batik dharma in areas kepamongan and religion.
Long batik areas that we can see now is a region that is Kepatihan Wetan Kauman now and from here spread to the villages Ronowijoyo, Mangunsuman, Kertosari, Setono, Cokromenggalan, Duchy, Nologaten, Bangunsari, Cekok, Banyudono and Ngunut. It was the drugs used in batik are made in our own country from woody among others; tom tree, noni, high wood. While homemade kainputihnyajugamemakai materials from woven carrying. Bam imported white cloth known in Indonesia about the late-19th century.
Making batik new Ponorogo known after the first world war which was brought by a Chinese named Kwee Seng from Banyumas. Ponorogo region early 20th century in the famous batik indigo dye that does not fade and that's why entrepreneurs Banyumas and Solo batik from giving jobs to many entrepreneurs in Ponorogo batik. As a result of the familiar printed batik production petama Ponorogo after World War until the outbreak of the second world war that is known for his rough batik batik blue mori. Market batik rough Ponorogo then famous throughout Indonesia.
Solo and Yogyakarta Batik
From work-in Solo and Yogyakarta royal surroundings and 19th century, 17.18, batik and widespread, particularly in the area of Java Island. Batik was originally just a hobby of the royal family in the past decorated clothing. But subsequent developments, pleh society developed into a commodity perdagamgan batik.
Solo Batik is famous for its traditional batik patterns and patterns in the process of batik cap or she writes. The materials used for staining still remains a lot of use of domestic materials such as Java soga already known from the first. Fixed pattern, among others, famous for its "Sidomukti" and "Sidoluruh".
While the origins of batik area since the kingdom of Mataram Yogyakarta is known to any-I with a Panembahan Senopati raj. First is the village of batik Region Plered. Batik at the time limited in the royal family environment which was done by the women helpers queen. From here batik work extends to the first trap on the other the wife of the royal family from the servants in the palace and the soldiers. At the official ceremony of the royal family palace both men and women wearing clothes with batik and striated kombonasi. Therefore, this kingdom received a visit from the people and the people interested in the clothes worn by the royal family and imitated by the people and finally meluaslah batik out of the palace walls.
As a result of good old time of war between the families of kings as well as between the Dutch colonial past, many families have fled and the king who settled area of new areas, among others, to Banyumas, Pekalongan, and Eastern regions of Ponorogo, Tulungagung and sebagainy a. Meluasny a local batik-stricken area until that area according to the historical development of Indonesian struggle beginning of the 18th century. Families who fled the palace is that developed all over the island of Java, batik are now, and develops according to nature and the new area.
Diponegoro's war against the Netherlands, urged the prince and his family and his followers have left the kingdom. They then spread towards the East and West. Then in the new areas that the family and followers of Prince Diponegoro to develop batik.
East to Solo and Yogyakarta batik batik improve the existing pattern in Mojokerto and Tulung Court. It also spread to Gresik, Surabaya and Madura. Medium westward batik developed in Banyumas, Pekalongan, Tegal, Cirebon.
Batik developments in other Cities
The development of batik in Banyumas centered in the area Sokaraja brought by the followers of Prince Diponegero after wide-inya war in 1830, their most-ap menet Banyumas region. Followers of the famous time was Najendra and he developed a dye batik in Sokaraja. Materials used mori homespun results and medications used pewama tom trees, mulberry trees and the pace that gives the red color of yellow artificiality.
Long batik gradually spread to the people Sokaraja and at the end of XIX century are directly related to region Solo batik and Ponorogo. Areas in Banyumas batik had been known since before the motif and color in particular and is now called batik Banyumas. After world war unity of batik is also done by the Chinese began their trade as well as batik material. .
Similar to batik in Pekalongan. The followers of Prince Diponegoro, who settled in this area and then develop sekitara batik business in this coastal area, namely in areas other than their own Pekalongan, batik is growing rapidly in Buawaran, Pekajangan and Wonopringgo. The presence of batik in these areas almost simultaneously with other regions of batik which is about the nineteenth century. The development of local batik-out area other than Solo Yogyakarta and closely associated with the development history of the kingdom of Yogya and Solo.
Widespread batik out of the palace after the end of the Diponegoro war and the many regions of the royal family who had moved out of areas because of Yogyakarta and Solo would not kejasama with the colonial government. The royal family took their followers that new regions and places of batik was continued and then became a job for livelihood.
Batik pattern in this new area is also adapted to the circumstances surrounding areas. Especially seen from the Pekalongan and designya much influenced by the batik of Demak. Until the early twentieth century is the process known as batik batik morinya with domestically produced materials and some imported. After the world war a new unity known batik fabrication and use of foreign medicines made in German and English.
In the early 20th century was first known in Pekajangan is producing Stagen weaving and spinning the yarn itself is simple. In recent years new batik is known to be worked by people who work this weaving sector. Growth and development of weaving batik more rapidly than ever Stagen and laborers in the sugar factory and Tirto Wonopringgo companies ran into batik, because wages are higher than the sugar factory.
Tegal batik was known in the late nineteenth century and that it used a homemade time taken from plants: pace / noni, indigo, soga wood and homespun fabric. Tegal batik was first color is babaran Sogan and gray after a known indigo plant, and then increased to a red-blue color. Tegal batik market when they came out among the other regions of West Java, was taken solely by entrepreneurs in their walk and this is according to the history of the development of batik in Tasik and-comer Ciamis besides other newcomers from the cities of Central Javanese batik.
In the early twentieth century was known mori import and import of new drugs known as post-war world unity. Batik entrepreneurs in Tegal mostly weak in capital and raw materials obtained from the Pekalongan and with credit and batik are sold in China provides loans to such materials. Time of economic crisis Tegal batik-batik participate actively re-flagging and new around the year 1934 until the beginning of the second world war. When the Japanese went dead again batik work activities.
Pila thus the history of batik in Purworejo together with batik in Kebumen is derived from Yogyakarta around XI century. Pekembangan batik in Purworejo than in Kebumen faster in Kebumen. Production as well as the Yogyakarta and other Banyumas areas.
While in the area Bayat, Klaten District Tembayat Kebumen-situated approximately 21 km east of the town of Klaten. Bayat region is located at the foot of the mountain village but the land is arid and minuses. These areas include environmental Surakarta and Klaten district and the history of batik here certainly closely related to the history of the former royal palace in Surakarta. Bayat Village is now no ruins can be visited by people in certain times of "grave of Sunan Bayat" on the mountain Jabarkat. So Bayat batik village has existed since the time of first job. Batik entrepreneurs in Bayat had most of the handicraft and batik workers in Solo.
While batik in Kebumen is known about the early nineteenth century, brought by immigrants, immigrants from the Islamic da'wah in order to Yogya, among others, which is known is this: PenghuluNusjaf. He is what develops in Kebumen batik and first place is settled east Lukolo time now and there are also relics of the mosque for his efforts. The first backward process in Kebumen called teng-brother or Blambangan and subsequently the final process is done in Banyumas / Solo. Around the early twentieth century to create a pattern which is used turmeric capnya made of wood. Kebumen motives were: the trees, bird-burungan. Other materials used are trees pace, tom kemudu and indigo.
The use of imported drugs in Kebumen is known around the year 1920 which was introduced by the employees of Bank Rakyat Indonesia, which finally left the homemade ingredients, as it saves time. Use seal of copper is known around the year 1930 brought by Purnomo from Yogyakarta. Areas is the village of batik in Kebumen: Watugarut, Tanurekso that much and there are several other villages.
Viewed with the relics are now, and the stories passed down through generations of the foregoing, it is predicted that Batik Tasikmalaya region known since the days of "Tarumanagara" which is a relic of the existing number of trees found there tarum useful for making batik time . Heritage village which still exists today it is the crude batik: batik craft Wurug famous, Sukapura, Mangunraja, Maronjaya and Tarlac City.
Formerly the center of government and bustle of the famous village is Sukapura, Indihiang the edge rows Tasikmalaya town now. Approximately end of the century and early XVII-XVIII century a result of the battle between kingdoms in Central Java, many of the local population: Tegal, Pekalongan, Ba-nyumas and Western regions of the Holy migrate and settle in Ciamis and Tasikmalaya. Most of them are batik entrepreneurs area and headed towards the West while the batik trade. With the advent of this new population, both wearing pembutan next dikenallah soga originally from Central Java. Tasikmalaya batik production now is a mixture of batik-batik Pekalongan, Tegal, Banyumas, Ghost of a diverse patterns and colors.
Batik was known in Ciamis about XIX century after the completion of the Diponegoro war, where followers of Diponegoro, many who left Yogyakarta, heading south. Some regions have settled there Banyumas and some who continued the journey to the south and settled in Ciamis and Tasikmalaya now. They migrate with keluargany a new place and settle into the population and continue to live and work procedures. Some of them were experts in the craft of batik as household work for women. Eventually, this work could be developed on the surrounding residents due to the daily interactions or family relationship. The materials used for self-woven fabric and paint materials made from trees such as mulberry, tom tree, and so forth.
Batik Ciamis result is a blend of Central Javanese batik and their own regional influence, especially Garutan motifs and colors. Until the early twentieth century batik in Ciamis growing little by little, from his own needs into the production market. Being in the area of Cirebon batik there kaintannya with the kingdom in this aerah, namely Kanoman, Kasepuahn and Keprabonan. The main source of batik Cirebon, the case is the same as those in Yogyakarta and Solo. Batik environment appears palace, and taken out by servants in the palace who reside outside the palace. Ancient kings delighted with the paintings and prior known cotton yarn, the painting was placed on palm leaves. It happened around the XIII century. It has something to do with batik motifs on the fabrics. Characteristic of batik Cirebonan a large part motivated images of forests and wildlife symbol. While the sea motif because the nature of thought influenced by China, which the sultanate of Cirebon editing the first ever Chinese princess. Sementra Cirebonan batik depicts a eagle as influenced by Yogya and Solo batik motifs.
Batik in Jakarta
Batik in Jakarta is known and the development along with other areas of batik is approximately the end of XIX century. Batik was brought by immigrants, immigrants from Central Java, and they reside mostly batik-regional area. Local batik spread, known in Jakarta near the Tanah Abang, namely: Rubber, Dam Ilir and hicks, Kebayoran Lama, and regional and Mampang Prapatan Tevet.
Jakarta since the era before the First World War has become a center of trade between regions of Indonesia with its ports Fish Market now. After the First World War finished, where the process began to be known batik cap, batik production increases and the merchants of batik look for new marketing areas. Regional markets for textile and batik in Jakarta which is famous for: Tanah Abang, Jakarta Jatinegara and the City, the Tanah Abang Market is the largest since the first until now. Batik-batik production district of Solo, Yogya, Banyumas, Ponorogo, Tulungagung, Pekalongan, Tasikmalaya, Ciamis and Cirebon and other areas, meet at the Tanah Abang Market, and from here the new post-local regions outside Java. Batik merchants is that many Chinese and Arab nations, the Indonesian nation and a bit small.
Therefore most of the batik marketing center in Jakarta Tanah Abang in particular, and also raw materials traded batik same place, then the thought arises from merchants batik batik company was to open in Jakarta and the place is adjacent to the Tanah Abang. Batik entrepreneurs who emerged after World War unity, composed of Chinese nation, and batik workers were imported from the Pekalongan batik work areas, Yogya, Solo and others. Apart from the batik workers outside Jakarta, then taken all the local workers around the area of batik as a maid. Next, look at the development of batik is bringing new jobs, the native area also opens the batik firms. Jakarta Batik motifs and process according to the origin of imported workers: Pekalongan, Yogya, Solo and Banyumas.
Raw materials used batik fabric itself is the result of her medication and results of his own concoction of mulberry wood materials, pace, turmeric and others. Jakarta Batik Batik is famous prewar roughly the same color with batik Banyumas. Before the war the world unity cambric raw materials are well known and marketing their products in the Tanah Abang Market in Jakarta and surrounding areas.
Outside Java batik
From Jakarta, the objectives of merchants outside of Java, batik is then developed around the major cities in Indonesia that are outside of Java, West Sumatra, for example, especially in the area of Padang, is a remote area of central-city batik Javanese town, but batik can grow in this area.
West Sumatra including batik consumer area since the days before world war unity, especially the production of batik-batik Pekalongan (saaingnya) and Solo and Yogya. In West Sumatra, which was first developed hand-loom industry of the famous "Silungkang weaving" and "weaving plekat". Batik began to flourish in the Valley after the occupation of Japan, which since the breakup between Java, Sumatra by the Japanese occupation period, then supplies batik batik on merchants and consumers have already run out of batik for their everyday clothing. Plus after the independence of Indonesia, where the relationship between the two islands grew difficult, due to blockade the Dutch-blockade, the batik traders usual relationship with the island of Java to find a way to create their own batik.
With the results of his own works and research thoroughly, from batik-batik made in Java, then ditirulah making patterns and ditrapkan stamp on wood as a tool. The drugs used are also the result of batik handmade from plants such as noni, turmeric, gambier, resins and so forth. White fabric and white cloth taken from the former and the results of hand-loom. Company Batik Sampan first appeared, namely in Padang Pariaman in 1946 include: Bagindo Idris, Sidi Ali, Sidi Zakaria, Sutan Salim, Sutan Sjamsudin and in 1948 Mr Payakumbuh year. Waslim (Pekalongan origin) and Sutan Razab. After the Padang area and other cities into the country's occupation in 1949, many merchants opened perusahaan-perusahaan/bengkel batik batik material obtained from Singapore via the port of Padang and Pakanbaru. But this batik traders after an open relationship with the island of Java, go back and perusahaanny a dying trade.
The color of batik Padang mostly black, purple and yellow and red pattern Banyumasan, Indramajunan, Solo and Yogya. Now batik production of more advanced Padang again but still far from the productions of this island of Java. Now have a tool to stamp made of copper and the production most gloves.
So the art of batik in Indonesia has been known since the days of work and growing to the Majapahit kingdom and the kings of the next. As for starting the spread of this batik art belongs to the people of Indonesia and Java in particular tribe is after the end of the century or the beginning of XVIII-XIX century. Produced batik batik is all until the early twentieth century and printed batik is known only after the world wars or the unity out around 1920. The connection with the spread of Islamic teachings. Many areas in Java batik centers are areas of Batik students and then become a tool of economic perjaungan by figures pedangan Muslims against the Dutch economy.
Batik art is art images on the fabric for clothing that becomes one of cultural keluaga Indonesian kings of old. Batik initially worked in the palace just limited to clothing and the result was the king and family and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was brought by those outside the palace and was done in place of each.
Long batik art was imitated by the people nearest and subsequently expanded into the work of women in the household to fill his spare time. Furthermore, batik clothing was only the royal family, then became a popular folk clothes, both women and men. White fabric that is used when it is the result of homespun.
Medium coloring materials used consist of plants native to Indonesia who made their own from among others: noni tree, tall, soga, indigo, and materials made from soda ash soda, as well as salts made from tanahlumpur.
Jaman Majapahit
Batik has become the kingdom Majahit culture, can be traced in Mojokerto and Tulung Court. Mojoketo are areas closely related to the Majapahit kingdom during the first and the origin of the name have anything to do with Majapahit Majokerto. Relation to the development of batik developed in Tulung Majapahit Agung is the history of batik developments in this area, can be extracted from the relic in the age of the Majapahit kingdom. At that time the area is partly composed of Tulungagung swamps in the history of the area known as Bonorowo, which at the time of Majapahit bekembangnya area controlled by a Duke benama Kalang, and did not surrender to the kingdom of Majapahit.
Told that the police actions waged by Majapahati, Duke Kalang allegedly killed in the fighting was reported around the village which is now named Kalangbret. Thus, the officers and soldiers who settled keluara Majapahit kingdom and lived in the territory which is now named Bonorowo or Tulungagung among others also bring original art to make batik.
Batik is now in the Mojokerto region contained in Kwali, Mojosari, Betero and Sidomulyo. Outside the Mojokerto regency is in Jombang. In the late nineteenth century, there are several people known batik in Mojokerto, the materials used at that time white cloth woven by his own and the drugs from soga jambal batik, noni, indigo tom, height and so forth.
Drugs known abroad the new postwar world of unity which are sold by Chinese traders in Mojokerto. Batik is known along with the entry of drugs from abroad batik. Cap made in Bangil and entrepreneurs can buy batik Mojokerto Porong market in Sidoarjo, this Porong Market before the world economic crisis known as the bustling market, where the results of production and Jetis Sidoarjo batik Kedungcangkring lot sale. Time of economic crisis, batik entrepreneurs participate Mojoketo paralyzed, because most small entrepreneurs business. Batik events arising after the crisis go back to Japan's entry into Indonesia, and the time the Japanese occupation of batik activities paralyzed again. Batik activity appears again after the revolution which has become a regional Mojokerto occupation.
A typical characteristic of batik Kalangbret of Mojokerto is almost equal to the output of batik-batik of Yogyakarta, which is basically white and brown 's type and color of dark blue. Known since more than a century ago the village of batik Majan and Simo. The village also has a history as a relic from the war era Prince Diponegoro in 1825.
Although batik is known since antiquity Majapahait but batik development began to spread rapidly since the region of Surakarta, Central Java and Yogyakarta, at the time of the kingdom in this region. It appears that the development of batik in Mojokerto and more dipenagruhi Tulung next Supreme Solo and Yogyakarta batik patterns.
In berkecamuknya clash between the Dutch colonial army with the troops of Prince Diponegoro, then some of the Kyai Mojo troops withdrew towards the east and until now the Majan. Since the Dutch colonial period until the time of independence is the status of rural villages Merdikan Majan (Special Region), and the village head of a chaplain whose status-temurun.Pembuatan Uirun Majan batik is an instinct (relic) of the art of making batik Diponegoro war era.
Color babaran Majan and Simo batik is unique because of the color red babarannya lit (from mulberry bark) and other colors of the tom. As a batik Setra also known since time immemorial Sembung village area, which batik entrepreneurs mostly from Tulungagung Sala coming in at the end of XIX century. Only now there are still some families who settled batik from Sala Sembung area. Apart from the proficiency level in these places there are also areas of batik in Psychology and also a couple in Kediri, but the nature of some of the batik craft and household babarannya batik.
The spread of the Islamic era
History of batik in other areas of East Java is in Ponorogo, whose story is related to the spread of Islam in this region. History of Batik. Batik art problems mentioned Ponorogo area closely related to the development of Islamic religion and the kingdoms first. It is said Batoro Katong area, there is a direct descendant of the Majapahit empire named Raden Raden Patah sister of Katong. Katong Batoro this is what brought Islam to the existing ruins Ponorogo and now is a mosque Patihan Wetan area.
Selanjutanya developments, in Ponorogo, Tegalsari area there is a boarding school that nurtured Kyai Hasan Basri or known as the Great Tegalsari Kyai. This Tegalsari pesantren teach religion other than Islam also teaches administrative sciences, sciences and literature of war. A disciple of the famous from the literary field is Tegalsari Ronggowarsito Raden. Kyai Hasan Basri was taken into law by the king Kraton of Solo.
Batik art at that time was limited within the palace. Therefore Solo palace princess became the wife of Kyai Hasan Basri Tegalsari and then brought into-accompaniment followed by a retinue. besides that many of the royal family also learned dipesantren Solo this. These events bring art out of the palace bafik toward Ponorogo. Young people educated in this Tegalsari when it came out, the community would donate his batik dharma in areas kepamongan and religion.
Long batik areas that we can see now is a region that is Kepatihan Wetan Kauman now and from here spread to the villages Ronowijoyo, Mangunsuman, Kertosari, Setono, Cokromenggalan, Duchy, Nologaten, Bangunsari, Cekok, Banyudono and Ngunut. It was the drugs used in batik are made in our own country from woody among others; tom tree, noni, high wood. While homemade kainputihnyajugamemakai materials from woven carrying. Bam imported white cloth known in Indonesia about the late-19th century.
Making batik new Ponorogo known after the first world war which was brought by a Chinese named Kwee Seng from Banyumas. Ponorogo region early 20th century in the famous batik indigo dye that does not fade and that's why entrepreneurs Banyumas and Solo batik from giving jobs to many entrepreneurs in Ponorogo batik. As a result of the familiar printed batik production petama Ponorogo after World War until the outbreak of the second world war that is known for his rough batik batik blue mori. Market batik rough Ponorogo then famous throughout Indonesia.
Solo and Yogyakarta Batik
From work-in Solo and Yogyakarta royal surroundings and 19th century, 17.18, batik and widespread, particularly in the area of Java Island. Batik was originally just a hobby of the royal family in the past decorated clothing. But subsequent developments, pleh society developed into a commodity perdagamgan batik.
Solo Batik is famous for its traditional batik patterns and patterns in the process of batik cap or she writes. The materials used for staining still remains a lot of use of domestic materials such as Java soga already known from the first. Fixed pattern, among others, famous for its "Sidomukti" and "Sidoluruh".
While the origins of batik area since the kingdom of Mataram Yogyakarta is known to any-I with a Panembahan Senopati raj. First is the village of batik Region Plered. Batik at the time limited in the royal family environment which was done by the women helpers queen. From here batik work extends to the first trap on the other the wife of the royal family from the servants in the palace and the soldiers. At the official ceremony of the royal family palace both men and women wearing clothes with batik and striated kombonasi. Therefore, this kingdom received a visit from the people and the people interested in the clothes worn by the royal family and imitated by the people and finally meluaslah batik out of the palace walls.
As a result of good old time of war between the families of kings as well as between the Dutch colonial past, many families have fled and the king who settled area of new areas, among others, to Banyumas, Pekalongan, and Eastern regions of Ponorogo, Tulungagung and sebagainy a. Meluasny a local batik-stricken area until that area according to the historical development of Indonesian struggle beginning of the 18th century. Families who fled the palace is that developed all over the island of Java, batik are now, and develops according to nature and the new area.
Diponegoro's war against the Netherlands, urged the prince and his family and his followers have left the kingdom. They then spread towards the East and West. Then in the new areas that the family and followers of Prince Diponegoro to develop batik.
East to Solo and Yogyakarta batik batik improve the existing pattern in Mojokerto and Tulung Court. It also spread to Gresik, Surabaya and Madura. Medium westward batik developed in Banyumas, Pekalongan, Tegal, Cirebon.
Batik developments in other Cities
The development of batik in Banyumas centered in the area Sokaraja brought by the followers of Prince Diponegero after wide-inya war in 1830, their most-ap menet Banyumas region. Followers of the famous time was Najendra and he developed a dye batik in Sokaraja. Materials used mori homespun results and medications used pewama tom trees, mulberry trees and the pace that gives the red color of yellow artificiality.
Long batik gradually spread to the people Sokaraja and at the end of XIX century are directly related to region Solo batik and Ponorogo. Areas in Banyumas batik had been known since before the motif and color in particular and is now called batik Banyumas. After world war unity of batik is also done by the Chinese began their trade as well as batik material. .
Similar to batik in Pekalongan. The followers of Prince Diponegoro, who settled in this area and then develop sekitara batik business in this coastal area, namely in areas other than their own Pekalongan, batik is growing rapidly in Buawaran, Pekajangan and Wonopringgo. The presence of batik in these areas almost simultaneously with other regions of batik which is about the nineteenth century. The development of local batik-out area other than Solo Yogyakarta and closely associated with the development history of the kingdom of Yogya and Solo.
Widespread batik out of the palace after the end of the Diponegoro war and the many regions of the royal family who had moved out of areas because of Yogyakarta and Solo would not kejasama with the colonial government. The royal family took their followers that new regions and places of batik was continued and then became a job for livelihood.
Batik pattern in this new area is also adapted to the circumstances surrounding areas. Especially seen from the Pekalongan and designya much influenced by the batik of Demak. Until the early twentieth century is the process known as batik batik morinya with domestically produced materials and some imported. After the world war a new unity known batik fabrication and use of foreign medicines made in German and English.
In the early 20th century was first known in Pekajangan is producing Stagen weaving and spinning the yarn itself is simple. In recent years new batik is known to be worked by people who work this weaving sector. Growth and development of weaving batik more rapidly than ever Stagen and laborers in the sugar factory and Tirto Wonopringgo companies ran into batik, because wages are higher than the sugar factory.
Tegal batik was known in the late nineteenth century and that it used a homemade time taken from plants: pace / noni, indigo, soga wood and homespun fabric. Tegal batik was first color is babaran Sogan and gray after a known indigo plant, and then increased to a red-blue color. Tegal batik market when they came out among the other regions of West Java, was taken solely by entrepreneurs in their walk and this is according to the history of the development of batik in Tasik and-comer Ciamis besides other newcomers from the cities of Central Javanese batik.
In the early twentieth century was known mori import and import of new drugs known as post-war world unity. Batik entrepreneurs in Tegal mostly weak in capital and raw materials obtained from the Pekalongan and with credit and batik are sold in China provides loans to such materials. Time of economic crisis Tegal batik-batik participate actively re-flagging and new around the year 1934 until the beginning of the second world war. When the Japanese went dead again batik work activities.
Pila thus the history of batik in Purworejo together with batik in Kebumen is derived from Yogyakarta around XI century. Pekembangan batik in Purworejo than in Kebumen faster in Kebumen. Production as well as the Yogyakarta and other Banyumas areas.
While in the area Bayat, Klaten District Tembayat Kebumen-situated approximately 21 km east of the town of Klaten. Bayat region is located at the foot of the mountain village but the land is arid and minuses. These areas include environmental Surakarta and Klaten district and the history of batik here certainly closely related to the history of the former royal palace in Surakarta. Bayat Village is now no ruins can be visited by people in certain times of "grave of Sunan Bayat" on the mountain Jabarkat. So Bayat batik village has existed since the time of first job. Batik entrepreneurs in Bayat had most of the handicraft and batik workers in Solo.
While batik in Kebumen is known about the early nineteenth century, brought by immigrants, immigrants from the Islamic da'wah in order to Yogya, among others, which is known is this: PenghuluNusjaf. He is what develops in Kebumen batik and first place is settled east Lukolo time now and there are also relics of the mosque for his efforts. The first backward process in Kebumen called teng-brother or Blambangan and subsequently the final process is done in Banyumas / Solo. Around the early twentieth century to create a pattern which is used turmeric capnya made of wood. Kebumen motives were: the trees, bird-burungan. Other materials used are trees pace, tom kemudu and indigo.
The use of imported drugs in Kebumen is known around the year 1920 which was introduced by the employees of Bank Rakyat Indonesia, which finally left the homemade ingredients, as it saves time. Use seal of copper is known around the year 1930 brought by Purnomo from Yogyakarta. Areas is the village of batik in Kebumen: Watugarut, Tanurekso that much and there are several other villages.
Viewed with the relics are now, and the stories passed down through generations of the foregoing, it is predicted that Batik Tasikmalaya region known since the days of "Tarumanagara" which is a relic of the existing number of trees found there tarum useful for making batik time . Heritage village which still exists today it is the crude batik: batik craft Wurug famous, Sukapura, Mangunraja, Maronjaya and Tarlac City.
Formerly the center of government and bustle of the famous village is Sukapura, Indihiang the edge rows Tasikmalaya town now. Approximately end of the century and early XVII-XVIII century a result of the battle between kingdoms in Central Java, many of the local population: Tegal, Pekalongan, Ba-nyumas and Western regions of the Holy migrate and settle in Ciamis and Tasikmalaya. Most of them are batik entrepreneurs area and headed towards the West while the batik trade. With the advent of this new population, both wearing pembutan next dikenallah soga originally from Central Java. Tasikmalaya batik production now is a mixture of batik-batik Pekalongan, Tegal, Banyumas, Ghost of a diverse patterns and colors.
Batik was known in Ciamis about XIX century after the completion of the Diponegoro war, where followers of Diponegoro, many who left Yogyakarta, heading south. Some regions have settled there Banyumas and some who continued the journey to the south and settled in Ciamis and Tasikmalaya now. They migrate with keluargany a new place and settle into the population and continue to live and work procedures. Some of them were experts in the craft of batik as household work for women. Eventually, this work could be developed on the surrounding residents due to the daily interactions or family relationship. The materials used for self-woven fabric and paint materials made from trees such as mulberry, tom tree, and so forth.
Batik Ciamis result is a blend of Central Javanese batik and their own regional influence, especially Garutan motifs and colors. Until the early twentieth century batik in Ciamis growing little by little, from his own needs into the production market. Being in the area of Cirebon batik there kaintannya with the kingdom in this aerah, namely Kanoman, Kasepuahn and Keprabonan. The main source of batik Cirebon, the case is the same as those in Yogyakarta and Solo. Batik environment appears palace, and taken out by servants in the palace who reside outside the palace. Ancient kings delighted with the paintings and prior known cotton yarn, the painting was placed on palm leaves. It happened around the XIII century. It has something to do with batik motifs on the fabrics. Characteristic of batik Cirebonan a large part motivated images of forests and wildlife symbol. While the sea motif because the nature of thought influenced by China, which the sultanate of Cirebon editing the first ever Chinese princess. Sementra Cirebonan batik depicts a eagle as influenced by Yogya and Solo batik motifs.
Batik in Jakarta
Batik in Jakarta is known and the development along with other areas of batik is approximately the end of XIX century. Batik was brought by immigrants, immigrants from Central Java, and they reside mostly batik-regional area. Local batik spread, known in Jakarta near the Tanah Abang, namely: Rubber, Dam Ilir and hicks, Kebayoran Lama, and regional and Mampang Prapatan Tevet.
Jakarta since the era before the First World War has become a center of trade between regions of Indonesia with its ports Fish Market now. After the First World War finished, where the process began to be known batik cap, batik production increases and the merchants of batik look for new marketing areas. Regional markets for textile and batik in Jakarta which is famous for: Tanah Abang, Jakarta Jatinegara and the City, the Tanah Abang Market is the largest since the first until now. Batik-batik production district of Solo, Yogya, Banyumas, Ponorogo, Tulungagung, Pekalongan, Tasikmalaya, Ciamis and Cirebon and other areas, meet at the Tanah Abang Market, and from here the new post-local regions outside Java. Batik merchants is that many Chinese and Arab nations, the Indonesian nation and a bit small.
Therefore most of the batik marketing center in Jakarta Tanah Abang in particular, and also raw materials traded batik same place, then the thought arises from merchants batik batik company was to open in Jakarta and the place is adjacent to the Tanah Abang. Batik entrepreneurs who emerged after World War unity, composed of Chinese nation, and batik workers were imported from the Pekalongan batik work areas, Yogya, Solo and others. Apart from the batik workers outside Jakarta, then taken all the local workers around the area of batik as a maid. Next, look at the development of batik is bringing new jobs, the native area also opens the batik firms. Jakarta Batik motifs and process according to the origin of imported workers: Pekalongan, Yogya, Solo and Banyumas.
Raw materials used batik fabric itself is the result of her medication and results of his own concoction of mulberry wood materials, pace, turmeric and others. Jakarta Batik Batik is famous prewar roughly the same color with batik Banyumas. Before the war the world unity cambric raw materials are well known and marketing their products in the Tanah Abang Market in Jakarta and surrounding areas.
Outside Java batik
From Jakarta, the objectives of merchants outside of Java, batik is then developed around the major cities in Indonesia that are outside of Java, West Sumatra, for example, especially in the area of Padang, is a remote area of central-city batik Javanese town, but batik can grow in this area.
West Sumatra including batik consumer area since the days before world war unity, especially the production of batik-batik Pekalongan (saaingnya) and Solo and Yogya. In West Sumatra, which was first developed hand-loom industry of the famous "Silungkang weaving" and "weaving plekat". Batik began to flourish in the Valley after the occupation of Japan, which since the breakup between Java, Sumatra by the Japanese occupation period, then supplies batik batik on merchants and consumers have already run out of batik for their everyday clothing. Plus after the independence of Indonesia, where the relationship between the two islands grew difficult, due to blockade the Dutch-blockade, the batik traders usual relationship with the island of Java to find a way to create their own batik.
With the results of his own works and research thoroughly, from batik-batik made in Java, then ditirulah making patterns and ditrapkan stamp on wood as a tool. The drugs used are also the result of batik handmade from plants such as noni, turmeric, gambier, resins and so forth. White fabric and white cloth taken from the former and the results of hand-loom. Company Batik Sampan first appeared, namely in Padang Pariaman in 1946 include: Bagindo Idris, Sidi Ali, Sidi Zakaria, Sutan Salim, Sutan Sjamsudin and in 1948 Mr Payakumbuh year. Waslim (Pekalongan origin) and Sutan Razab. After the Padang area and other cities into the country's occupation in 1949, many merchants opened perusahaan-perusahaan/bengkel batik batik material obtained from Singapore via the port of Padang and Pakanbaru. But this batik traders after an open relationship with the island of Java, go back and perusahaanny a dying trade.
The color of batik Padang mostly black, purple and yellow and red pattern Banyumasan, Indramajunan, Solo and Yogya. Now batik production of more advanced Padang again but still far from the productions of this island of Java. Now have a tool to stamp made of copper and the production most gloves.
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