Javanese Batik Hokokai, Japan's Influence?
Historically batik has been known by our ancestors since the 7th century ago. Formerly the medium in the form of palm leaves and the motive was dominated by pictures of animals and tamanan. Then, the motifs that evolved into abstract motifs in nature: to resemble a cloud, shadow puppets, reliefs and other temples. From here, batik growing.
At the time of Majapahit, batik handicraft increasingly popular among the people and then went on the kingdoms afterwards. In some records, the development of batik is mostly done during the dark days of the Mataram kingdom, then in the kingdom of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. At first, batik is done only in a limited course and the results for the palace of the king and family clothing and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was brought by the palace and carried them out in their places. Gradually the art of batik was imitated by the people nearest and subsequently expanded into women's work in the household to fill his spare time. From here, batik increasingly widespread activity. Until the early 20th century produced batik batik everything. Batik becoming known around the 1920s.
There are two opinions from the experts about the conflicting history of the origins of batik. The first opinion came from a Dutch historian who had studied batik, GP Rouffaer. According to him, Indonesian batik originated from India. Furthermore, Rouffaer say, beautiful cloth merchants were taken around the 12th century. But allegations G.P. Rouffaer was later denied by another researcher, Prof. DR. Sutjipto Wirjo Suparto. Sutjipto said, batik is an original work of the Indonesian nation. According to him, before the Indian merchants come, the people of Indonesia have been able to weave and make batik since the Sriwijaya kingdom in the 8th century. Apart from all that, batik has nonetheless been synonymous with our nation. Literally, batik from Java language, which means that Amba writes and points. The term refers to fabrics with batik patterns generated by the material the night. Then applied to the fabric, so resist the entry of dye. Initially, batik applied only in natural fibers, like cotton and silk. However, with technological developments, batik began to be applied to synthetic fibers such as polyester, polymide, even Lycra. Currently known four kinds of batik, which is batik, batik, batik printing, and batik combination.
Views of its kind, batik in Indonesia is divided into six types, namely the palace batik, batik sudagaran, farmers batik, batik dutch, chinese batik, batik and java Hokokai. The latter type of batik, interesting to put forward. Apparently, politics and lifestyle situsi support community is closely influences the development of the art of batik in Indonesia, especially Java. Evidently, during the Japanese occupation (1942-1945) was born Hokokai Javanese batik. This type of batik took the name of the organization formed by the Japanese military government, namely Hokokai Java. Hokokai Java or in the Indonesian language means Java Service Association, founded on March 1, 1944 by sixteen Supreme Commander, Gen. Kumakici Harada, a substitute for Putera organizations (Center for the People's Power). Hokokai Java has a special members consisting of Fujinkai (women's organizations), Boei Engokai (administrative assistant and soldier Map Heiho), Keimin Shidosho Bunka (Cultural Center), and several Hokokai company. Batik-batik was originally reserved by the people of Hokokai Java institutions for Indonesian people who are considered instrumental in the Japanese propaganda. Then batik like this into fashion and many rich people who come to buy Indonesian batiks with these characteristics.
Javanese Batik Hokokai generated by writing technique. Long batik cloth in the form of a cut is early in the afternoon (two styles in a single fabric) as a solution to shortage of raw cotton in those days. Understandably, because times were difficult times. This influence is felt in batik batik-batik on the northern coast of Central Java. Typically, this type of batik work by more than 10 people who each have a role in the case of the batik process is different.
In the book, A Play of Light and Shades, Iwan Tirta batik argued that the Javanese batik Hokokai introduced as a sign of "adjustments" to the new rulers, in this case Japan, so they have a place. The dominant motif shown is a butterfly and flower buds cherry blossoms against the background of the traditional Javanese style, such as machetes, kawung, and sidomukti. Someone who developed the form of peacock tail feathers are beautiful. This motif peacock known as ngigel. Everything is formed from a fine line shading in color and shape to be worked with a very delicate touch.
According to information, although these motifs are used for Javanese batik Hokokai, but the actual motives that had existed before the Japanese arrived. Floral design, it has been done in 1940. At a workshop belongs to people at Sacred Peranakan and Solo, are already using buketan a recurring motif: called buketan Semarangan. In addition, Hermen Veldhuisen the Fabric of Enchantment, Batik from the North Coast of Java, said that a butterfly motif also not a Japanese influence. According to him, the butterfly is the influence of the Chinese masters who make batik in their garages. Morning-afternoon batik cloth, batik cloth is divided into two by two motives which meet in the middle of the fabric diagonally, also not a characteristic of batik Hokokai, since a cloth in the morning-afternoon-early evening there was cloth made in 1930 in Pekalongan. In the 1950s, batik produced still show the influence of Javanese batik Hokokai, namely in the selection of motifs, but the isen-isen (background) was not tightly Hokokai batik. Apart from all that, batik Hokokai java, however its origin, has been increasing the wealth of various batiks in ground water. Batik is the wealth of our culture that we must keep together. ***
*) Freelance writer and art enthusiasts. The play and the author of War; Politicization The play Activity Against Early Modern Japan. Living in Jakarta.
Historically batik has been known by our ancestors since the 7th century ago. Formerly the medium in the form of palm leaves and the motive was dominated by pictures of animals and tamanan. Then, the motifs that evolved into abstract motifs in nature: to resemble a cloud, shadow puppets, reliefs and other temples. From here, batik growing.
At the time of Majapahit, batik handicraft increasingly popular among the people and then went on the kingdoms afterwards. In some records, the development of batik is mostly done during the dark days of the Mataram kingdom, then in the kingdom of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. At first, batik is done only in a limited course and the results for the palace of the king and family clothing and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was brought by the palace and carried them out in their places. Gradually the art of batik was imitated by the people nearest and subsequently expanded into women's work in the household to fill his spare time. From here, batik increasingly widespread activity. Until the early 20th century produced batik batik everything. Batik becoming known around the 1920s.
There are two opinions from the experts about the conflicting history of the origins of batik. The first opinion came from a Dutch historian who had studied batik, GP Rouffaer. According to him, Indonesian batik originated from India. Furthermore, Rouffaer say, beautiful cloth merchants were taken around the 12th century. But allegations G.P. Rouffaer was later denied by another researcher, Prof. DR. Sutjipto Wirjo Suparto. Sutjipto said, batik is an original work of the Indonesian nation. According to him, before the Indian merchants come, the people of Indonesia have been able to weave and make batik since the Sriwijaya kingdom in the 8th century. Apart from all that, batik has nonetheless been synonymous with our nation. Literally, batik from Java language, which means that Amba writes and points. The term refers to fabrics with batik patterns generated by the material the night. Then applied to the fabric, so resist the entry of dye. Initially, batik applied only in natural fibers, like cotton and silk. However, with technological developments, batik began to be applied to synthetic fibers such as polyester, polymide, even Lycra. Currently known four kinds of batik, which is batik, batik, batik printing, and batik combination.
Views of its kind, batik in Indonesia is divided into six types, namely the palace batik, batik sudagaran, farmers batik, batik dutch, chinese batik, batik and java Hokokai. The latter type of batik, interesting to put forward. Apparently, politics and lifestyle situsi support community is closely influences the development of the art of batik in Indonesia, especially Java. Evidently, during the Japanese occupation (1942-1945) was born Hokokai Javanese batik. This type of batik took the name of the organization formed by the Japanese military government, namely Hokokai Java. Hokokai Java or in the Indonesian language means Java Service Association, founded on March 1, 1944 by sixteen Supreme Commander, Gen. Kumakici Harada, a substitute for Putera organizations (Center for the People's Power). Hokokai Java has a special members consisting of Fujinkai (women's organizations), Boei Engokai (administrative assistant and soldier Map Heiho), Keimin Shidosho Bunka (Cultural Center), and several Hokokai company. Batik-batik was originally reserved by the people of Hokokai Java institutions for Indonesian people who are considered instrumental in the Japanese propaganda. Then batik like this into fashion and many rich people who come to buy Indonesian batiks with these characteristics.
Javanese Batik Hokokai generated by writing technique. Long batik cloth in the form of a cut is early in the afternoon (two styles in a single fabric) as a solution to shortage of raw cotton in those days. Understandably, because times were difficult times. This influence is felt in batik batik-batik on the northern coast of Central Java. Typically, this type of batik work by more than 10 people who each have a role in the case of the batik process is different.
In the book, A Play of Light and Shades, Iwan Tirta batik argued that the Javanese batik Hokokai introduced as a sign of "adjustments" to the new rulers, in this case Japan, so they have a place. The dominant motif shown is a butterfly and flower buds cherry blossoms against the background of the traditional Javanese style, such as machetes, kawung, and sidomukti. Someone who developed the form of peacock tail feathers are beautiful. This motif peacock known as ngigel. Everything is formed from a fine line shading in color and shape to be worked with a very delicate touch.
According to information, although these motifs are used for Javanese batik Hokokai, but the actual motives that had existed before the Japanese arrived. Floral design, it has been done in 1940. At a workshop belongs to people at Sacred Peranakan and Solo, are already using buketan a recurring motif: called buketan Semarangan. In addition, Hermen Veldhuisen the Fabric of Enchantment, Batik from the North Coast of Java, said that a butterfly motif also not a Japanese influence. According to him, the butterfly is the influence of the Chinese masters who make batik in their garages. Morning-afternoon batik cloth, batik cloth is divided into two by two motives which meet in the middle of the fabric diagonally, also not a characteristic of batik Hokokai, since a cloth in the morning-afternoon-early evening there was cloth made in 1930 in Pekalongan. In the 1950s, batik produced still show the influence of Javanese batik Hokokai, namely in the selection of motifs, but the isen-isen (background) was not tightly Hokokai batik. Apart from all that, batik Hokokai java, however its origin, has been increasing the wealth of various batiks in ground water. Batik is the wealth of our culture that we must keep together. ***
*) Freelance writer and art enthusiasts. The play and the author of War; Politicization The play Activity Against Early Modern Japan. Living in Jakarta.
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